Exploring Turkmenistan is a unique and off the beaten track experience due to its remote and mysterious nature. This Central Asian country is known for its vast desert landscapes, ancient ruins, and eccentric dictator-led government.
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Backpacking Turkmenistan in 2025
A complete guide for backpacking in Turkmenistan with best places to go, best time to visit, what to bring and safety advice.
Visit Turkmenistan
Embark on a unique adventure in Turkmenistan, where the mystique of the Silk Road meets the modern allure of the Caspian Sea. Pros? Explore ancient cities, the fiery Darvaza Gas Crater, and the surreal landscapes of the Karakum Desert. The country's low tourist numbers offer an off-the-beaten-path experience. However, limited tourist infrastructure and strict government controls may pose challenges. For the intrepid backpacker, Turkmenistan offers a rare blend of historical richness and surreal natural wonders, providing a truly distinctive journey for those seeking the road less traveled.Why to go?Why backpacking in Turkmenistan
Uniqueness
Cheap
Backpacking in Turkmenistan can be relatively affordable, but costs can vary based on travel style and activities. On average, budget travelers can expect to spend around $30 to $50 per day.
Accommodation options include hostels and guesthouses, …
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Accommodation options include hostels and guesthouses, …
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💡 HighlightsTop-5 things to do in Turkmenistan
- Visit the ancient city of Merv: Explore the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Merv, one of the most important cities along the Silk Road. Marvel at the well-preserved ancient ruins and learn about the rich history of the region.
- Discover the beauty of the Karakum Desert: Embark on a desert adventure and experience the vastness and tranquility of the Karakum Desert. Take a camel ride, camp under the starry sky, and witness the stunning landscapes.
- Explore the capital city of Ashgabat: Wander through the modern and extravagant capital city of Ashgabat. Admire the unique architecture, including the famous white marble buildings, visit the National Museum, and stroll through the beautiful parks.
- Visit the Darvaza Gas Crater: Witness the mesmerizing sight of the Darvaza Gas Crater, also known as the ”Door to Hell.” This flaming crater has been burning for decades and provides a unique and otherworldly experience.
- Experience the Turkmen culture: Immerse yourself in the local culture by attending traditional Turkmen festivities, such as the Nowruz celebrations or the Akhal-Teke horse shows. Interact with the friendly locals and learn about their customs and traditions.
But Turkmenistan offers more...[click to explore]
national parks
hikes
cities
festivals
🌤️ When to go?Best time to go backpacking Turkmenistan
The best time to visit Turkmenistan for backpacking is during the spring and autumn seasons, specifically from April to May and September to October. During these months, the weather is generally pleasant with mild temperatures ranging from 20 to 25 °C (68 to 77 °F). The summer months can be extremely hot, with temperatures exceeding 40 °C (104 °F), making it less suitable for outdoor activities. Winter, from December to February, can be cold and snowy, especially in the northern regions.🦜 How to communicate?Language in Turkmenistan
The main language in Turkmenistan is Turkmen. Backpacking is way more rewarding if you know a bit of the local language, so I'd suggest brushing up on the basics just in case your Turkmen skills have become a bit rusty.English is not widely spoken in Turkmenistan, as the primary language is Turkmen, followed by Russian. In urban areas, particularly in Ashgabat, you may encounter some younger people and professionals who speak English, especially in the hospitality and tourism sectors. However, outside major cities, English proficiency diminishes significantly.
Travelers may find it helpful to learn a few basic phrases in Turkmen or Russian to facilitate communication. Many signs and menus may not be available in English, so having a translation app or phrasebook can be beneficial.
In more remote areas, the language barrier can be more pronounced, and interactions may rely heavily on gestures or non-verbal communication. Overall, while you can find some English speakers, it’s advisable to prepare for limited English proficiency during your travels in Turkmenistan.
👛 A typical day in TurkmenistanAverage daily cost for backpacking in Turkmenistan
Backpacking in Turkmenistan can be relatively affordable, with average daily costs ranging from $30 to $60, depending on your travel style and preferences.Accommodation: Dormitory beds in hostels or budget guesthouses typically cost between $10 to $20 per night. Private rooms may range from $20 to $40.
Food: Eating at local restaurants or street food stalls can cost around $5 to $10 per day. If you opt for more upscale dining, you might spend $15 or more.
Transportation: Public transport is inexpensive, with bus and train fares averaging $1 to $5 for short distances. Taxis are also affordable, but negotiate fares beforehand.
Activities: Entrance fees for attractions and guided tours can vary. Budget around $5 to $15 for entry to museums or historical sites, while guided tours might cost $20 or more.
Overall, with careful planning and budgeting, you can enjoy a fulfilling backpacking experience in Turkmenistan within the $30 to $60 daily range. However, keep in mind that some areas may require permits, which could add to your overall costs.
Risk level: medium (42%)Safety advice for Turkmenistan
- Pickpocketing, mugging and theft occurs. The risk is higher on trains and at markets. Don't go out alone, especially at night. Criminals target travellers using unofficial taxis. Always book a licensed taxi. Don't get into taxis that are already occupied.
- Terrorism is a threat worldwide. Targets may include places popular with foreigners. Be alert to possible threats, especially in public places. Monitor the media and follow the advice of local authorities.
- Demonstrations can turn violent. Avoid large gatherings and protests. Monitor the media and follow the advice of local authorities.
- Police and other local officials have reportedly harassed, mistreated and extorted foreigners.
- Earthquakes are a higher risk in the south-west and north-east regions. Register with the Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System to receive alerts on major disasters.
- If you travel to the region bordering Afghanistan despite our advice, monitor local and international media for updates. The security situation is extremely dangerous. Consular help is extremely limited.
source: smartraveller.gov.au
TurkmenistanMy tips to get you on the way!
Does Turkmenistan sound like your next backpacking destination? Use these steps to get you on the way.Get inspiration 📚
While guidebooks used to be the backpacker’s holy grail for finding accomodation, nowadays that’s more conveniently accomplished online. However, guidebooks remain an excellent resource for familiarizing oneself with the country, gaining inspiration, and discovering itineraries. I enjoy reading them before my travels and then leaving them behind at home when I embark on my journey.
While guidebooks used to be the backpacker’s holy grail for finding accomodation, nowadays that’s more conveniently accomplished online. However, guidebooks remain an excellent resource for familiarizing oneself with the country, gaining inspiration, and discovering itineraries. I enjoy reading them before my travels and then leaving them behind at home when I embark on my journey.
Prepare your trip ✅
Before embarking on your journey, several essential checks are crucial: passport, visa, vaccinations and insurance. Some countries mandate that your passport remains valid for 3 to 6 months post your return. Additionally, it is important to verify the specific visa requirements for Turkmenistan. These differ per country of origin. While you can handle visa arrangements independently, online visa services streamline the process as they know exactly what’s needed for each country. Turkmenistan may require certain vaccinations. Make sure to timely check which ones you still need. Lastly, if you don’t have a travel insurance yet, Safety Wing is a good choice as they are tailored for backpackers.
Before embarking on your journey, several essential checks are crucial: passport, visa, vaccinations and insurance. Some countries mandate that your passport remains valid for 3 to 6 months post your return. Additionally, it is important to verify the specific visa requirements for Turkmenistan. These differ per country of origin. While you can handle visa arrangements independently, online visa services streamline the process as they know exactly what’s needed for each country. Turkmenistan may require certain vaccinations. Make sure to timely check which ones you still need. Lastly, if you don’t have a travel insurance yet, Safety Wing is a good choice as they are tailored for backpackers.
Book your flight ✈️
The flight may be the most expensive part of your trip. Therefore it’s worth spending a bit of time finding the right one. Flight search engines like Skyscanner and Kayak are the best to compare all possible options. A good tip is to be flexible with your exact travel dates. Traveling one or two days earlier/later may save you some bucks. Also booking about three months in advance can help making the best deal for you (though I’m not the best one myself to follow this advice as I tend to decide last-minute). A final tip would be to check airports in neighbouring countries. Not necessarily for cost saving but it can be intriguing to journey into Turkmenistan, travel overland to one of its neighbours and fly back home from there.
The flight may be the most expensive part of your trip. Therefore it’s worth spending a bit of time finding the right one. Flight search engines like Skyscanner and Kayak are the best to compare all possible options. A good tip is to be flexible with your exact travel dates. Traveling one or two days earlier/later may save you some bucks. Also booking about three months in advance can help making the best deal for you (though I’m not the best one myself to follow this advice as I tend to decide last-minute). A final tip would be to check airports in neighbouring countries. Not necessarily for cost saving but it can be intriguing to journey into Turkmenistan, travel overland to one of its neighbours and fly back home from there.
Book your first night(s) 🛌
Depending on your travel style, you can either plan a detailed day-to-day route and pre-book your accommodations, providing peace of mind, or opt to book them spontaneously, offering greater flexibility to adjust your plan. Personally, I am a big fan of the latter approach, but I always ensure to book the first night(s) in advance.
Depending on your travel style, you can either plan a detailed day-to-day route and pre-book your accommodations, providing peace of mind, or opt to book them spontaneously, offering greater flexibility to adjust your plan. Personally, I am a big fan of the latter approach, but I always ensure to book the first night(s) in advance.
My personal packing list 🎒
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Over the years, I’ve learned the importance of packing minimally. It’s so much easier to jump on the back of a truck or squeeze yourself into the last spot of a minibus without that supersized backpack. If you’re headed to a warm destination, leave your winter jacket at home; for colder regions, opt for thin thermal underlayers. Instead of packing your entire wardrobe, bring just three sets of clothes, as laundry facilities are available everywhere.
Money & Documents
Clothing
Electronics
Health
Others
Over the years, I’ve learned the importance of packing minimally. It’s so much easier to jump on the back of a truck or squeeze yourself into the last spot of a minibus without that supersized backpack. If you’re headed to a warm destination, leave your winter jacket at home; for colder regions, opt for thin thermal underlayers. Instead of packing your entire wardrobe, bring just three sets of clothes, as laundry facilities are available everywhere.Money & Documents
Clothing
Electronics
Health
Others
Moneybelt
[Amazon]
“Best way to carry your important documents”
Quick dry pant
[Amazon]
“Nothing beats these quick dry and light pants when traveling”
Light rain jacket
[Amazon]
“Hiking in rainy season? These keep you dry”
Thermo underwear
[Amazon]
“Less weight and volume than bulky sweaters or jackets”
Quick dry towel
[Amazon]
“Normal towels get smelly and heavy when traveling”
Power bank
[Amazon]
“Pick a small and light one, with 10.000mAh or more”
Travel adapter
[Amazon]
“Needed as each country has its own electricity plugs”
Number lock
[Amazon]
“No chance of losing your key; handy for lockers in dormitories”
Packing cubes
[Amazon]
“Keep your wet or dirty clothes separate from the rest”
Travel pillow
[Amazon]
“Light and great for flights and long bus journeys”